Alcohol Syncope - 1846 Words

Abstract Alcohol consumption may be linked to syncopal events. The mechanism by which alcohol may induce syncope is not well understood. Impairment of the response to orthostatic stress may be involved. A growing body of medical evidence suggests that short-term alcohol consumption elicits hypotension during orthostatic stress because of impairment of vasoconstriction. These findings have implications for understanding of hemodynamic effects of alcohol and, in particular, for understanding syncopal events that occur in association with alcohol intake. A 27-year-old African American female with a previous syncopal event following alcohol consumption was brought to the Emergency Department by ambulance after a witnessed†¦show more content†¦It results in dizziness or syncope from transient diminished cerebral perfusion. Case Report A 27-year-old, well-appearing African American female was brought to the Emergency Department by Emergency Medical Services after a witnessed syncopal episode. The only medical history is a previous alcohol-induced syncope 2 years ago. The patient does not have any past surgical history. The patient only drinks socially. She does not smoke, and she denied any drug use. The patient lives with mother, and works as a nursing assistant in a nursing home. The patient admitted to drinking â€Å"a shot of vodka† approximately 10 minutes prior to syncopal episode. The patient fell upon standing and hit the back of her head on the floor. Patient’s significant other who witnessed the syncopal event reported that loss of consciousness (LOC) lasted about 2 minutes. EMS was consequently called. According to EMS, the patient was still on the floor, alert and oriented only to self upon their arrival. She was lethargic. The patient did not remember passing out. 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Measuring and Managing Process Performance Free Essays

Takeaway Sad Chapters Management Accounting Information for Activity and Process Decisions After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1) define sunk costs and explain why sunk costs are not relevant. 2) analyze make-or-buy decisions. 3) demonstrate the Influence of qualitative factors In making decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring and Managing Process Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4) compare the different types of faculties layouts. 5) expelled the theory of constraints 6)demonstrate the value of Just- In-time manufacturing systems, 7)describe the concept of the cost of quality. ) calculate the cost savings resulting from reductions In Inventories,reduction In reduction cycle time,production yields improvement, and reductions in rework and defect rates. 2 Short Case For 50 years,the Tabor Toy Company had been producing high-quality plastic toys for children. In early 2006,Tabor experienced a large drop In sales and market share, After some Investigations,TLS loss was attributed to a significant decreases In the quality of the product and to general delays In getting It to customers. After several weeks tot study,Don and a cross-functional team tot management personnel documented and numerous shop floor problems. Don Pipeline,senior managers report to top management raised several questions. Should many of the existing machines,including the major unaccommodating machine must be replaced. What should the company do about the local vendor who produced the faulty computer chips? WSDL It make sense to Implement an entirely new production process such as SIT? This chapter presents three types of facility designs(l) Process layouts?2)product layouts,and manufacturing-all it which can be used to help organizations reduce costs. We follow this with a discussion of how organizations can reduce costs by ensuring that they focus on improving the quality of their processes. Finally the SIT manufacturing system is presented as a system that integrates many of the ideas we discuss in the chapter. 1 ? ±valuation Financial Implications(p. 208) Managers must evaluate the financial implications tot decisions that require trade- offs between the costs and the benefits of different alternatives. Equally important,they must recognize that some costs and revenues are not relevant in such evaluations. 4)Assuming Responsibility for Decisions On a technical level,the correct decision for Bonnier Company is to dispose of the machine and replace it;however,because they are concerned about their reputations within their own organizations,not all managers would do so. 8 3 Make or Buy Decisions Management accountants often supply information about relevant costs and revenues to help managers make special one-time decisions. One example is a make- or-buy decisions. As managers attempt to reduce costs and increase the competitiveness of their products, they face decisions about whether their companies should manufacture some parts and components for their products in- house or subcontract with another company to supply these parts and components. Exhibit 5-3 displays details of the two lowest equates from outside suppliers for a representative lamp in each of the four product lines manufactured in-house. The should accept the outside bid and terminate the in-house production of these product? 9 Exhibit 5-3 Somers motors,Len. How to cite Measuring and Managing Process Performance, Essays

Financial accounting, the Enron fraud case Example For Students

Financial accounting, the Enron fraud case Outline1 Introduction2 New Markets in the Early 1990s3 Cardinal Dates:4 Who committed the fraud and what were the motivations, and the effects5 Describe the fraud and bespeak the methods of fiscal statement fraud used6 Were there indicants for fraud ( ruddy flags ) before the fraud was really discovered7 Summary and decision Introduction For Financial accounting 2 we choose the Enron fraud instance because this instance did had an impact on the accounting ordinances as we know today. After the Enron dirt Sarbanes-Oxley ordinances was passed by the Congress of United States in 2002. The passed Sarbanes-Oxley trades with of import things like guaranting that direction is held accountable for the fiscal study that they file with the SEC. The ordinance besides improves the independency of corporate boards, every bit good as the independency of hearers and it increased some of the punishments for those who shred paperss or go against the security Torahs. In this paper we will analyse the Enron fraud. In chapter 2 we will depict the Firm followed by chapter 3,4 and 5 whereby we give indicants and account of the Enron fraud. Finally we will give a sum-up and decision in chapter 6. Description of the house Before acquiring insolvent in 2001, Enron Corporation was one of the largest incorporate natural gas and electricity companies in the universe. It marketed natural gas liquids worldwide and operated one of the largest natural gas transmittal systems in the universe, numbering more than 36,000 stat mis. It was besides one of the largest independent developers and manufacturers of electricity in the universe, functioning both industrial and emerging markets. Enron was besides a major provider of solar and air current renewable energy worldwide, managed the largest portfolio of natural gas-related hazard direction contracts in the universe, and was one of the universe s biggest independent oil and gas geographic expedition companies. In North America, Enron was the largest sweeping seller of natural gas and electricity. Enron pioneered advanced trading merchandises, such as gas hereafters and conditions hereafters, significantly overhauling the public-service corporations industry. New Markets in the Early 1990s In the early 1990s, Enron appeared to be harvesting the benefits of the InterNorth-Houston Natural Gas amalgamation. Its grosss, at $ 16.3 billion in 1985, fell to less than $ 10 billion in each of the following four old ages but recovered to $ 13.1 billion in 1990. Low natural gas monetary values had been a major cause of the diminution. Enron, nevertheless, had been able to increase its market portion, from 14 per centum in 1985 to 18 per centum in 1990, with aid from efficiencies that resulted from the integrating of the two predecessor companies operations. Enron besides showed important growing in its liquid fuels concern every bit good as in oil and gas geographic expedition. Get downing with the 1990s, Enron s declared doctrine was to acquire in early, push to open markets, place ourselves to vie, vie hard when the gap comes. This doctrine was translated into two major sectors: international markets and the freshly deregulated gas and electricity markets in the United States. Get downing in 1991, Enron built its first abroad power works in Teesside, England, which became the largest gas-fired cogeneration works in the universe with 1,875 megawatts. After that, Enron built power workss in industrial and developing states all over the universe: Italy, Turkey, Argentina, China, India, Brazil, Guatemala, Bolivia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, and others. By 1996, net incomes from these undertakings were 25 per centum of entire company net incomes before involvement and revenue enhancements. In the United States, provinces were given the power to deregulate gas and electric public-service corporations in 1994, which meant that residential clients could take public-service corporations in the same manner that they chose their phone bearers. This looked like an tremendous chance for Enron. CEO Lay was fierily in favour of deregulating, believing it would work out jobs for consumers and public-service corporations likewise. The company moved into the residential electricity market in 1996, when Enron agreed to get Portland General, an Oregon public-service corporation whose transmittal lines would give the company entree to California s $ 20-billion market, every bit good as entree to 650,000 clients in Oregon. In 1997, Enron Energy Services began to provide natural gas to residential clients in Toledo, Ohio, and contracted to sell wind power to Iowa occupants. Through a subordinate, Zond Corporation, the company contracted with MidAmerican Energy Company of Houston to prov ide 112.5 megawatts of wind-generated electricity to about 50,000 places, the largest individual purchase contract in the history of air current energy. Zond was to construct the installation in northwesterly Iowa, utilizing about 150 of its Z-750 kW series air current turbines, the biggest made in the United States. Cardinal Dates: 1930: The company is founded as Northern Natural Gas Company in Omaha, Nebraska. 1947: The company is listed on New York Stock Exchange. 1980: The company s name is changed to InterNorth, Inc. 1985: A amalgamation with Houston Natural Gas Corp. takes topographic point. 1986: The company s name changed to Enron ; the new company is headquartered in Houston. 1991: Enron begins abroad enlargement. 1999: Launches EnronOnline. 2001: Files for bankruptcy after antecedently concealed losingss come to visible radiation. Who committed the fraud and what were the motivations, and the effects It is nt easy to state who particular committed the fraud because the fraud of Enron can be define as synergistic corruptness . There are suppose to be balances and cheques in every concerns to acknowledge abnormalities nevertheless in the Enron fraud the responsible comptrollers, fiscal analysts, attorneies and executives did nt halt the corruption . They all took their portion of the money and set it in their pockets. For case accounting house Arthur Andersenwas paid one million dollars a hebdomad for subscribing off the one-year studies of Enron and being their adviser. Furthermore attorney house Vinson and Elkins investigated the concern partnerships of Enron and was paid $ 900.000 a hebdomad to do the investings of Enron sensible. Furthermore, universe know bankers like CITIBANK, Deutsche Bank, Merrill lynch, Morgan Stanley and 94 other bankers were really investors of Enron and received huge fillips and were nt disbelieving at all. As long Enron as go on his concern all Enron partners received their extraordinary fees and that satisfied everyone. They became a portion of the Enron procedure. Permanent research worker of the Enron instance Sen Carl Levin was really convinced that the Bankss participants knew of the incorrect making of Enron and did demo some proved grounds in tribunal. However, his statement was neer confirmed by the CEO s of Merill Lynch, Deutsche Bank and Morgan Stanley, how surprising? So, like said before the fraud of Enron included a batch of institutional participants. However three executives in charge were responsible of the Enron endeavor and were besides responsible for making the fanciful net incomes. The guilty individuals in charge were Kenneth ballad ( president and antique CEO of Enron ) , Jeffrey Skillinger ( President of Enron and CEO ) and Andew Fatsow ( CFO ) . See below. Kenneth Lay ( Chairman ) Jeffrey Skillinger ( CEO ) Andrew Stuart Fatsow ( CFO ) Kenneth Lay was the president of Enron in 1985. One of his chief points was to acquire the authorities out of the oil/gas and electricity industry. Ken lay supported the run of Bush junior in 1995 to go the senator of Texas by giving 1000000s of contributions. After Bush junior become senator the gas and electricity market was deregulated in Texas and gas/oil and electricity monetary values float with the currents of the markets. This ordinance did ensue that Enron could unnaturally increase the electricity monetary values by closing down some power workss. This really happened in California led by Tim Beldon ( caput trading Enron Enegry services ) . By the clip Enron was finished it was estimated that they had stolen around 11 billion dollars from California. After the summer in 2001 Ken Lay realized that Enron was to fall in in present hereafter because the real debts were higher than expected. However Ken Lay was responsible for misdirecting stakeholders by still conveying good consequences. Meanwhile he converted that clip 250 million dollar Enron stock. Cosmetology, Hectic and Hard Work EssayOther than most houses in the energy industry, Enron did non grew big by unifying with other houses but merely by utilizing different accounting methods for mensurating and coverage of its entire grosss.For its energy contracts Enron made usage of the mark-to-market rating method. The mark-to-market rating method allows grosss to be recognized as earned at the beginning of the contract, so even before service is provided.To acknowledge the grosss as earned at the beginning of the contract, Enron had to gauge what would go on over the whole period of the contract. Enron was free to develop and utilize computations methods based on its ain premises and estimations about the hereafter, but since there were no existent market monetary values available yet for the whole period, this measuring does sometimes non accurately reflect the implicit in contract s true value.The chief job with this rating method in comparing with other more conservative ra ting methods is that houses can ( deliberately ) overestimate future unfulfilled net incomes and fell or understate hereafter unfulfilled losingss. For describing the grosss of its trading activities, Enron made usage of a alleged merchandiser theoretical account whereas most houses in the energy industry made usage of a more conservative agent theoretical account .The difference between these two theoretical accounts is that under the agent theoretical account, houses are merely allowed to describe the trading or securities firm fee as its gross, but non the full value of the dealing. In contrast, in the merchandiser theoretical account Enron reported the full value of each trade as its gross. Now it is interesting to look at the effects of utilizing the mark-to-market rating method and the merchandiser theoretical account for gross describing instead than utilizing the traditional accounting methods. The chief consequence was that Enron s reported grosss and cost of goods sold were much higher than under more traditional accounting methods. However, because both the grosss and the cost of goods sold increased, this consequence did non take to an addition of the gross net income of Enron. When we compare entirely the grosss, most and major houses in the energy industry that made usage of the more conservative methods and theoretical accounts for gross coverage grew much slower than Enron. However, when comparing the gross net incomes of these houses, Enron all of a sudden did non turn larger and in some instances even much slower than other houses.This fact in combination with the fact that Enron made usage of different accounting methods for mensurating and describing its entire grosss, should had been an indicant for fraud ( ruddy flag ) for analysts. In this portion, we will depict other possible indicants for fraud by Enron. First, we will depict the ruddy flag based on Enron s measurement and coverage of its profitableness. In the last four old ages before Enron s bankruptcy it reported an mean one-year growing of 16,9 % with regard to the net income and an mean one-year growing of 164.6 % with regard to the grosss.As the grosss grew much larger than the net income in that period, the net net income border of Enron decreased to a low per centum. The fact that besides the reported cost of goods sold increased big leaded to a lessening of the gross net income border of Enron. Net income borders are of import for houses as a higher net income border indicates a more profitable house that has good control over its costs.The fact that Enron reported really high gross growing in comparing with other houses in the energy industry but at the same clip besides lower net income borders should had been an indicant for fraud ( ruddy flag ) for analysts. Other ruddy flags were based on Enron s measurement and coverage of its hard currency flows, in peculiar its free hard currency flow. Free hard currency flow is calculated as operating hard currency flows minus capital outgos, i.e. free hard currency flow is the sum of hard currency that a house has left over after it has paid all of its disbursals, including investings.Negative free hard currency flow is non needfully an indicant of a bad house, provided that a house should hold a good ground for disbursement so much hard currency, i.e. it should be gaining a sufficiently high rate of return on its investings.In the last three old ages before its bankruptcy, Enron reported big negative free hard currency flows, really high operating hard currency flows but at the same clip besides diminishing and low net income borders. This should had been a major ruddy flag for analysts. Summary and decision Based on the research we did, we can reason the followers: Enron was, before acquiring insolvent in 2001, one of the largest incorporate natural gas and electricity companies in the universe. It marketed natural gas liquids worldwide and operated one of the largest natural gas transmittal systems in the universe. The fraud committed at Enron is a interactive corruptness . Accountants, fiscal analyst, attorneies and executives in charge all took their portion of the money and set it in their pockets. Enron peculiarly used two of the methods mentioned by Quffa. Fabricated grosss Concealed Liabilitiess and disbursals Main characters involved in this fraud were: Andrew Stuart Fastow ( CFO ) , Kenneth Lay ( president ) , Jeffrey Skillinger ( CEO Jeffrey Skilinger ( CEO ) and Kenneth Lay ( president ) tried to present mark-to-market in the early 90 s. The Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) approved this method and Arthur Andersen signed the studies. Mark-to-market allowed Enron to book future net incomes when the contracts were signed even when no hard currency came in. So Enron could gauge his hereafter net incomes and this estimation would be shown at the outside universe. Many of the indicants for fraud were related to the measurement and coverage of entire grosss by Enron. Furthermore, there were ruddy flags related to the measurement and coverage of the profitableness and hard currency flows of Enron. Enron did non grew big by unifying with other houses but merely by utilizing different accounting methods for mensurating and coverage of its sum grosss than other houses in the industry. For its energy contracts Enron made usage of the mark-to-market rating method. The mark-to-market rating method for fiscal assets allows grosss to be recognized as earned at the beginning of the contract, so even before service is provided. For describing the grosss of its trading activities, Enron made usage of a alleged merchandiser theoretical account whereas most houses in the energy industry made usage of a more conservative agent theoretical account . There are two ruddy flags in the Enron instance viz. : the income grew in the period 1996 2000 in relation with the gross growing. And the fiscal statements were marks of hapless net incomes quality as indicated by several cardinal hard currency flow steps. So our decision is that the fraud could be discovered in a anterior bowl. Furthermore, is really of import to update accounting ordinances to extinguish possible fraud situations.For case the debut of Sarbenes Oxley ordinance after the Enron Case.

Study 1 for aP free essay sample

The dermis contains blood vessels, nerve ending, and epidermally derived cutaneous oranges such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles. The last layer is Hypodermis this layer is composed primarily of loose dead skin. The fat layer provides cushioning and insulation for underlying organs. 2. Briefly describes the extent of damage seen in first-degree burns, second-degree burns, and third degree burns. First degree burns only epidermis is damaged and skin is red and swollen. Second-degree burns epidermis and upper dermis are damaged. Third-degree burns destroys entire skin layer; burned area is painless and the burn is gray-white or black. 3. Why was the girl relatively pain-free when she woke up? Due to having third-degree burns on 15% off her body and since third degree burns are painless her body was probably numb and in shock as well. Since the second degree burns aren’t as deep she may feel pain in these areas because the nerves are still intact. We will write a custom essay sample on Study 1 for aP or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Explain why this patient’s blood pressure was so low and her heart rate was so high upon arrival at the emergency room. Due to the burns she lost her water tight protective covering and significant shift of water from her blood stream due to having low blood volume her heart has to work harder (high heart rate) to try and pump more blood. 5. Why was it important to immediately administer intravenous fluids to this girl? She will need IV fluids to replace the fluid she lost due to the burns covering her body. She could go into shock without them and then her organs will not get blood and body will slowly start shutting down. 6. What is a broad-spectrum† antibiotic, and why did she need it? Do bacteria normally colonize healthy skin? Due to the skin being burned so badly and it being open to all kinds of bacteria forming a broad spectrum should take care of any infection she may get. She would get them topical and IV to make sure she was protected both ways. 7. Why was skin-grafting necessary in this patient? (why not just let the skin heal on its own) Due to the skin being severely damages it’s going to take a long time to heal. The skin graft will help prevent infection and speed up the healing process. 8. Describe the series of events that occur in skin, which is healing with the help of a skin graft? The skin will have to first have all of the dead and burned skin removed and topical antibiotics will be placed on to prevent infection then the graft will be placed over the skin to reduce the infection and shock risks and the skin will slowly start healing on its own. 9. Why are bedridden patients at risk for developing decubitus ulcers? Due to the patient being bedridden and immobile they often lie in the same position for long periods of time without being moved and the pressure on the skin can cause a sore and infection. If left untreated can cause serious problems and may result in surgery. 0. Why did the patient lose so much weight despite being on a very high-calorie diet? Do to the major trauma her body needs the calories to try and keep up with the functions to help her body heal. If anything she would probably need double her normally calorie intake to help in this process. 11. What long-term problems may the patient have as a result of extensive scar tissue formation over her trunk and right elbow? The long term scar tissue on her thoracic region may result in breathing problems later in life as well as the scar tissue on her elbow may limit mobility.

Chiang Kai-Shek Essays - Republic Of China, Chinese Christians

Chiang Kai-Shek Essays - Republic Of China, Chinese Christians Chiang Kai-Shek Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek, also known as Chiang Chung-cheng, was the son of a middle-class wine merchant who lived in the village of Chikow in Chekiang Province. When he was fourteen years old, following the Chinese custom of that time, he was arranged to be marry by his mother (the brides name is not mentioned). His bride and he did not see each other until his walk down the aisle. He did this without complaints only to please his mother. Once he was married he met his brides parents, as was tradition. Due to Chiangs bad temper, the meeting ended in arguments between Chiang and his brides father. Once home he tried to keep his mind off of the marriage and concentrated more on what kind of man he wanted to become. He dreamed of becoming a soldier. He saw adventure in a military career and felt comfortable with the demand for authority, order, and strength. Though his family objected and hoped for him to study law, he went off to Tokyo Military Staff College in 1907. There he became a follower of the revolutionary leader Dr. Sun Yat-sen. This encouraged him in 1911 to take part in the revolt that established the Chinese Republic. In 1917 when Sun established the Guangzhou government, Chiang was his military aide. Sun sent him to the USSR to study Russia military methods and was more than willing to go. He got a good response from the people there. Not only did they give him advice but they also sent thirty or so military men as help. One of these men, named Michael Borodin suggested that they start a military academy in China. They placed it in Whampoa and named it the Whampoa Military Academy. Their main goal was to demand and deserve respect. Once opened they received 1,500 applicants. It planned to register only 300. Sun began to encourage Chiangs participation in the Nationalist party. After Sun died in 1925, Chiang became a powerful figure in the it and in 1926 took command of the Nationalist army. This was called the Northern Expedition, entering into Shanghai, Hankou, and Nanjing. Chiang initiated the long civil war between the Nationalist government and the Communists.. This was ended in 1936 by General Chang Hsueh-liang who hoped to unite in defense of the approaching Japanese. Many felt that unity could not be achieved unless Chiang were removed as commander-in-chief even before the expedition was completed. To avoid such humiliation, he resigned from his position. He issued a public statement to the newspapers. It said, I am willing to sacrifice my position in order to assist the unification of the party and to make possible the accomplishment of the chief objective of Kuomintang. With Chiangs mind no longer focused on the political issues he could now focus on himself. He decided to ask a young woman named Mayling Soong to marry him. He was no longer married to his childhood wife and now wanted a companion. First he had to get the approval of Mother Soong. She disagreed with his age and religious beliefs but eventually, happily gave her approval for their marriage. On December 1, 1927, they were married in the Soongs Shanghai home. Chiang continued with his political mission with Mayling at his side. Her knowledge and beauty helped him through his journey. Soon after his marriage Chiang gained back command of the Kuomintang army and continued heading north. In 1928 his army reached Peking and being the chief of the Nationalist party, he became head of the Republic of China. After many years and many hard battles he finally made peace with Japan. In the process he was elected Chinas president in 1943 and reelected in 1948. When the Communists won control of China in 1949, Chiang escaped to Taiwan and set up a Nationalist China government there. Chiang was reelected in 1954, 1960, 1966, and 1972. He died on April 5, 1975 after being ill since 1972 and left his official duties to his son, Premier Chiang Ching-kuo. After reading this book I am more understand of the struggles that China has had to face. Before this I did not even know who Chiang Kai-shek was. Now I know

What Does It Take to Get into the University of Massachusettsâ€Amherst?

Located in picturesque Western Massachusetts and ranked as one of the top public universities in the country, the University of Massachusetts—Amherst is known for attracting bright students who pursue rigorous research and academics. Notable alumni include Jack Welch, Catherine â€Å"Cady† Coleman, Bill Pullman, Natalie Cole, and many others. One unique facet of the university is that it participates in the Five College Interchange, which allows you to take courses at nearby colleges including Amherst, Smith, Hampshire, and Mount Holyoke. What does it take to get into Massachusetts’ flagship public university? Read on to find out. You will apply to UMass Amherst via the Common Application unless you fall into one of the following categories: Students in the above categories can find the appropriate application links here . As part of your application, you will need to submit your: * In this case, you should submit scores for the essay portions as per the university’s recommendation. UMass Amherst discourages submitting other supplementary materials. There are some special procedures for individual programs such as art and architecture. UMass Amherst requires the following high school academic work (number indicates units): College of Engineering, School of Management, and computer science major applicants must have completed an advanced math course, such as precalculus, trigonometry, or calculus. College of Engineering applicants must have taken chemistry and physics as well. Last year, UMass Amherst had a 59% admissions rate, with 41,612 applicants and 5,010 matriculating freshmen. The average combined SAT score for the class of 2021 was 1268, and the average GPA was 3.89. Keep in mind that despite the seemingly high acceptance rate, you are still facing stiff competition and will need to set yourself apart, especially if you intend to pursue a particularly rigorous program; for individual colleges and programs, such as Commonwealth Honors College, the acceptance rate is much lower. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Emphasize innovation. UMass Amherst boasts a student body of â€Å" bright, bold, unconventional thinkers.† With rigorous yet rewarding opportunities, the school promotes intellect and creative thinking. Demonstrate your leadership experience and commitment to learning through work beyond the classroom. As with most prestigious colleges, you should show extracurricular activities in your area of interest, such as independent research for science majors. Know your strengths. UMass Amherst has 11 colleges and schools for undergraduates including: You should apply to the school that is best suited to your talents and interests, not the one that has the highest admissions rate. Your application should demonstrate leadership, extracurriculars, and strengths in areas associated with the college. For example, if you apply to the college of engineering, you should have a strong math and science background and extracurriculars in those subjects as well. You will need to put down a first- and second-choice major on your application. This is not set in stone, but you will be accepted to a specific school, so it should be the one most aligned with your strengths. Also, remember to meet the minimum coursework requirements for your intended major. Have a hook . UMass Amherst emphasizes diversity. This is exemplified in Campus Pride rating the university as one of the best campuses for LGBTQ students and its status as a top school for veterans, currently serving over 400. You don’t have to be part of a minority group to be accepted to UMass Amherst, but you should have something that sets you apart. Are you a nontraditional student with a unique story to tell? Explore that in your essay. Do you have a special talent, such as playing an interesting instrument? Make sure to include any extracurriculars in which you’ve participated or honors you’ve been awarded to that end. Being denied admission to any college, particularly one of your top choices, is disappointing. Still, it’s important to take a step back and regroup. If you get rejected from UMass Amherst, here’s what you can do: Take a gap year or transfer in. If you had your heart set on UMass Amherst or received bad news from the other colleges on your list, one option is to take a gap year and reapply next admissions cycle. If you do decide to go this route, make sure you have a productive plan for the year. You might undertake a research project, volunteer, study to improve your SAT scores, or take classes at a local college. Do know, however, that this path is risky, as taking a gap year won’t ensure your acceptance the second time around. You could also begin your studies at another institution with the hopes of transferring. UMass Amherst accepted more than 1,300 transfer students in 2016, meaning acceptance isn’t out of the question. Keep it in perspective. Even if UMass Amherst was your top choice, chances are, you’ll find a way to make a college that did accept you work. College really is what you make of it, and if you put effort into adjusting to another school by joining clubs, working hard in your classes, and cultivating a social life, you’ll likely find that you can make a fulfilling college experience for yourself, even if you end up at a college that wasn’t your top choice. When you sign up for our program, we carefully pair you with the perfect admissions specialist based on your current academic and extracurricular profile and the schools in which you’re interested. Your personal application specialist will help you with branding, essays, and interviews, and provide you with support and guidance in all other aspects of the application process.

The restructuring of toyota,nissan and ford in the global auto market Research Paper

The restructuring of toyota,nissan and ford in the global auto market - Research Paper Example In the outer fringe the supply chain systems consist of the third tier that generally focus on the delivery of certain parts to the assemblers or the tier two supplying units for the automobile companies. Toyota like all other large automobile companies revolutionized herein to create and sustain specialized supplying units that would only focus on supplying of a specialized or certain unit to the assembly centers. Dependency on a specialized supplying partner for delivery of needed components made it possible for the company to effectively initiate the ‘Just-in-Time’ quality system in its production methodologies (â€Å"The machine that ran too hot†). Toyota in terms of selecting the most able supplier to supply automobile parts to its assembly units located round the world works on a set of training and development activities to enhance its relationship with the supply chain units. Through the training and development functions the management of Toyota focuses o n making the supply chain units understands the need for supply of quality materials on time so as to effectively meet the objectives of the concern in times of changing competitive business and social environment. Maintenance of effective relationships tends to build long term commitment from its specialized supply chain units (Tsai, Chen and Yang 9-10; Roh 134). Restructuring activities pertaining to the ambit of global supply chain activities for automobile company Toyota relate to aligning a range of key supplier bodies that would contribute to the delivery of common parts for all its vehicles produced across the globe. This strategy is aimed at reduction in the number of varieties relating to same parts required for the same category of vehicles thereby standardizing on the quality of the supplies. Toyota in an example has focused on reducing the number of radiators sought from 100 to 21 through a system of closed networking and monitoring activities of its suppliers groups. Th is strategy further contributes in the reduction of overall cost of operations and supply chain functions for the company (â€Å"Suppliers key to Toyota restructure†). Restructuring plans for Toyota relating to the development of relationship with the supply chain units consisted of not only maintaining sustained relationship activities both in an online fashion and also through the enhancement of training and information sharing programs but also through other strategic activities. The set of other strategic activities related to Toyota’s new supply chain mechanism functionaries relate to the formation of effective joint venture relationships with key supply chain units. Through effective joint venture operations Toyota focuses on gaining a total control over the entire gamut of supply chain functions related to the supply of individual key parts to the assembly mechanisms and also in enhancing its dealer networks for augmenting sales of its vehicles in foreign countr ies (Gupta, Wakayama and Rangan 135). The above analysis for restructuring initiatives related to the supply chain functions for Toyota reflect that the company has taken resort to the dimensions of Lean Supply Chain strategies. Through the use of Lean Supply

Mergers Don't Always Lead to Culture Clashes Essay

Mergers Don't Always Lead to Culture Clashes - Essay Example The culture in MBNA shows a more laid-back, business-like and highlights a secretive organization. Employees at MBNA are accustomed to lavish lifestyles and the company offers high salaries and generous benefits. Among the perks available include private golf courses, corporate jets and yachts. Bank of America, however, operates on financial efficiency and values low cost approaches. Moreover, Bank of America expanded because of thrift and has managed to focus on size and smarts rather than speed. Bank of America is expected to encounter challenges as the bank attempts to integrate a culture that is totally opposite from the ideals being promoted by the company. The high salaries and benefits received by MBNA employees is one major issue. Although the salaries received by Bank of America employees are relatively competitive, the bank’s management has to decide what approach needs to be done to reconcile the gap. Lowering the salaries of MBNA staff will cause widespread demoralization. Maintaining the high salaries will also affect current Bank of America employees. This is a dilemma that needs to be taken into consideration before addressing the salary issue. Another aspect that requires focus is the perks received by MBNA employees. Bank of America will certainly reduce most of the privileges and to integrate the bank’s vision when it comes to spending.... Bank of America recognizes the culture of MBNA and how it has developed the organization. MBNA has been successful and Bank of America intends to ensure that the success will be sustained. Respect also drives Bank of American to be more sensitive and do consultations as to what needs to be changed and retained. The integration of MBNA in Bank of American required rigorous planning. Bank of America managers view MBNA managers as arrogant while the latter sees the former as bureaucratic. But these observations are part of the growing pains that Bank of American attempts to hurdle. Bank of America decided to adopt some of the practices in MBNA. The management also created new policies to satisfy both Bank of America and MBNA employees. The executive uniforms in MBNA underwent a hybrid phase change to suit the needs of both parties. Since most Bank of America processes are flexible, modifications are implemented seamlessly. The goal is to prevent clashes and satisfy the different culture s. Despite the adjustments, Bank of America remained firm on cutting costs and the high MBNA salaries were significantly reduced. Although some employees decided to leave, majority of the employees remained. Bank of American sold all but one of the corporate jets and donated the golf course to the State of Delaware. The bank maintains that there are other ways to compensate for the removed perks. The most important part is to ensure that Bank of America’s financial principles are followed but employees still enjoy the best rewards for their hard work. 3. Do you think culture is important to the success of a merger/acquisition? Why or why not? Most observers highlight financial impact, synergies and pipeline

Response to a Staging of Jack Heifner’s “Vanities” Essay Example for Free

Response to a Staging of Jack Heifner’s â€Å"Vanities† Essay I considered the performance an enjoyable one. In other words, I commend the actors and the whole production for doing well. The closeness of Heifner’s masterpiece is really close to what it happening in reality. On the part of the actors, I noticed that the actors were a little nervous during the beginning. They appeared to be a little tensed. But as the play progressed, the actors seemed to be getting into momentum. This made the actors â€Å"initially† guilty of being actors on and off stage. It would be helpful to the actors if they would put into practice what Hagen said about the beginning â€Å"be in character while waiting to go on† (Hagen 97-100). This would give them a headstart so everything flows smoothly. Kathy’s monologue was good. It seemed like the actor had rehearsed it a lot. Although, Hagen might have a problem with that because the audience could see that she practiced it, meaning the audience could see an act she did in real life which was rehearsing. As Hagen puts it â€Å"it’s a monologue if you are alone talking to yourself, if you talk to the audience, it’s a duologue. † (120) Well, Nobody is perfect and criticism promotes growth so I might as well say it. Something seemed to be lacking in some portions of the play. As if the acting was fluctuating at times. Maybe this is because the actors did not genuinely experienced being a cheerleader or a teacher. But I must give it to them for they had managed to constrain their true selves from acting like the people they are off stage. It should be considered that the actors are still young and have much to learn. After all, even oscar winners would find it challenging to follow all of Uta Hagen’s acting tips. Work Cited Hagen, Uta. Respect for Acting. NY: Wiley Publishing Inc. 1973

Weight of Marijuana and Criminal and Tax Law :: social issues

Weight of Marijuana and Criminal and Tax Law Conclusive research has shown that wet (uncured) marijuana is not psychoactive. Before drying, decarboxylation of inactive THCA acid into THC has not yet occurred. During the curing (drying) process, the COOH bonded to the THC is released. The result is the psychoactive compound delta9 THC. The State of North Carolina’s laws do not distinguish between the uncured weight of marijuana from the cured (dry) weight, necessary for marijuana to be consumed or sold. No one purchases wet marijuana at a price comparable to suggested market value because approximately 80% of this weight consists of water, both in the plant tissue and chemically bonded by carbon to the THC molecule. No one smokes fresh, wet, uncured marijuana because it cannot produce a euphoric effect. Decarboxylation must occur by drying prior to it’s combustion that occurs with smoking (this does not occur when attempting to smoke uncured marijuana), drying must also occur before eating marijuana, if it is to produce a euphoric effect. . North Carolina’s G.S. 15A-903(a)(1) allows the State to retain only a small random sample of marijuana to be made available to prosecutors and notably the defendants for the discovery rights. This deprives the defense of having all the evidence available to them. The actual weight of marijuana is an essential element of the criminal statute. The marijuana’s weight is the primary factor in determining the NC unauthorized substance tax assessment. ‘Mature stalks’ are found on all mature marijuana plants. The percentage by weight of marijuana’s ‘mature stalks’ can vary widely by different cultivation methods and by genetic variation. NC G.S. 90-87(16) clearly exempts ‘mature stalks’ from being considered toward the weight of ‘marijuana’ for criminal sentencing purposes. ‘Mature stalks’ are exempt because the State has recognized that they have neither intrinsic value as an intoxicant, nor any noteworthy market value. Marijuana’s ‘shade leaves’ are a waste product for marijuana farmers. These leaves are not smoked, and are not psychoactive. Marijuana’s initial wet, uncured weight can be over 500% of the final, dried, consumable and marketable weight. Uncured marijuana cannot be bagged or jarred because without curing because it would mold, rot, and become valueless. The State’s weighing of water content in uncured marijuana has resulted in many citizens receiving far harsher imprisonment, taxes and fines. Marijuana trafficking in North Carolina carries a mandatory minimum 2-year sentence for anyone possessing 10 lbs.

Revolution

D. Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850 1. The American Revolution never went through the radical phases that the French Revolution did. Yet, the nineteenth-century French government was more conservative than the nineteenth-century U.S. government. Explain. The American Revolution is not as tough and Radical as the French Revolution because France provided American forces with financial help and armor support during the American Revolution. The Americans are also greatly influenced by some philosophers that made them not to look up to French's form of government as a model even though France provided coalitions and even send off fleet and an army to help them triumphed battles effectively. French government is more conservative than the U.S government during the 19th century because of the absolute monarchy of French government. Americans never went through radical changes since they followed a series   of   board intellectual shifts and social shifts as well that gave them new republican ideals that expands democracy among   American people and created the ethic that formed the core of American political values. 2. What similarities and differences do you see between the nineteenth-century revolutions in Latin America and their French and American predecessors? The similarities between the 19th century revolution in America and their French American predecessors is that they began to inherit political powers and the idea of a democratic government where the consent lies on the government’s consent. Assertion of liberty, individual rights, equality and hostility towards corruption which are considered as American core values greatly influenced their predecessors. This made realizations to them that they could also break away and become self governing nations. E. The Early Industrial Revolution 1. How did events in the eighteenth century lead to industrialization in the nineteenth century?   What was the most important catalyst for industrialization? The industrial Revolution was a result of the outgrown of institutional and social changes in Britain right after the 17th century English Civil War   and   technological innovation The presence of a large domestic market should also be considered an important driver of the Industrial Revolution, particularly explaining why it occurred in Britain. In other nations, such as France, markets were split up by local regions, which often imposed tolls and tariffs on goods traded amongst them. (Deane, Phyllis. The First Industrial Revolution, Cambridge University Press.) 2. Compare and contrast the impact of the Industrial Revolution on men and women.   How was family life affected by industrialization? Industrial Revolution have different impact on men and women for men it paved way for more work ad encourage them to more enhanced way of labor through innovation and technology. Forced labor and child labor is also rampant during the years of Industrial revolution which gave workers longer working hours. Women’s job like factories of clothings and the weaving industry is affected by Industrial revolution because machines takes place of the job which is supposedly for the works of women. The Great Exhibition of 1851 site http://www.victorianstation.com/palace.html   

“That lightsaber belongs to me!”: Star Wars the Gender Swap

A long time ago in a galaxy far far away†¦ the very words that began one of the world's most recognized and well-established franchises. Star Wars, a beloved series that continues to have an ever growing fan base. However, when one considers the fan base of the film series, it is easy to associate its image with that of a male figure. During the original trilogy fans had Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Darth Vader and Princess Leia. In the prequels there was Anakin, Mace Windu, Count Dooku, Yoda, and Padame. Noticing a trend here? All of these characters to some degree fulfill the role of the archetypal male hero with a female companion, which is something the audience is accustomed to seeing, though naturally they are not all the same. Why is that? Perhaps that is the question viewers should ask themselves when watching anything from the Star Wars series. It is no surprise that Star Wars is a series loved by many throughout the world, as it offers a sense of science fiction and epic take on fantasy. However, it has been recognized to have a bit of a gender problem or suffer from what is known as the â€Å"Smurfette Effect†. Much like its counterparts in Lord of the Rings, and Harry Potter, which offers multiple male-led roles, accompanied by one or two other female roles. In the original trilogy – episodes four through six – the three main characters that stuck out were recognized as Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamil), Han Solo (Harrison Ford), and Leia Organa (Carrie Fisher). However, the role that stood out the most was that of Princess Leia, known as the leader of the rebel alliance, and iconic figure who had the courage and potential to dismantle the operations of those who sought to destroy everything she stood for. She even was presented the opportunity to save such male roles and remained as the only empowered female character throughout all three original films. However, this was all viewed as a secondary thought as the roles played by men were seen as the primary entity to the series, but this still was seen as a major breakthrough for females in film. Around the time the series was released the role and idea for a strong female lead character to exist was revolutionary and had a major impact on the way viewers and directors looked at films and the way female roles were handled. This of course would set the path for future films to be released. We would see this once again when the prequel films were released – episodes one through 3 – as characters such as Padme Amidalla, Keira Knightley, and other female Jedi roles came to light. Once again these characters were portrayed to be women of power and viewed as a great importance to the public. However, once again these features were viewed as a second thought and taken behind the roles of men and their importance to the series. Making it no surprise that the target demographic for the series was predominantly male-oriented. Despite this, Star Wars has an audience of female fans equal to those of their male counterparts and with such a large number of female fans. You would think that the universe would have more populated with roles of woman shining beyond or sharing the roles of men. Sadly, this was not the case and women presented were often shown to fall short of being any type of role model-like figure. It was seen as though if boys were to watch Star Wars films, they can idolize or plays as Obi-Wan or Anakin, characters who were portrayed to be cunning, brave, and would face danger head on. Girls on the other hand, were they supposed to support being submissive, and in need of a hero like that of Leia and Padme? Was this the trend that all of the series films would fall victim to? Women depending on men to shape and care for their futures? These types of questions remained unanswered for the longest time, until recent years when the Star Wars franchise announced it would return to the big screen in 2015 under the name â€Å"Star Wars: The Force Awakens†. However, this would not be a â€Å"per usual† Star Wars film dominated by white male men and their secondary female counterparts. No, this film sought to abolish all of the stale characteristics the series had become known for, and decided to give the series a twist no one could have seen coming. As the film itself was presented with the idea of having the franchise's first female lead role, first female villain role, first African American lead, and include more minor female characters in unexpected areas. The film was also set to have a wide This sent the world into a complete frenzy as it had a mixed reception from fans. Some found they loved and looked forward to the idea of a fresh take on the series and moving along with modern times. Fans could now be open to an entire new world, and see what could come from such a diverse cast of characters. Others however, took this as an insult, and saw the series falling prey to the social justice warrior movements and being nothing more than mere propaganda that would harm the series. Causing multiple Men's Right Activists to call for boycotts of the film, and multiple online protests, as several stated it was an attack on the hold men had throughout the series. In weeks leading to the release of the film, trailers and images taken for the film were tagged with â€Å"#BoycottStarWarsVII† and â€Å"#StarWarsaMensGalaxy†. Despite the protests, and negative feedback from multiple activists and fans, the film generated $529 million its opening week. Stomping out the superstitions that this one film would ruin the image of Star Wars that was established. However, the biggest victory this film had, was with its characters and their roles in the film as director JJ Abrams made it clear that The Force Awakens was something that would change the Star Wars forever. Many speculated that, despite the latest additions to the franchise would still be dominated by men, and have small hints of a woman being in power. However, when the film debuted many found the story's main character, Rey, a mysterious character with a hidden backstory, was not only cunning and well-rounded. She was truly independent, did not rely on another character, find herself in the middle of a love scene, or eagerly waiting for a knight in shining armor to come save the day. The closest she comes to something of that sort, is her companion Finn, who also made a splash being the franchise's first African American lead role. However, it comes across as two friends looking after one another, it could even be recognized as a bond strictly forged by survival. However, this was not the only shocker of the film, as another twist to the plot of the story comes during the climax of the film. When Rey would even defeat, and overpower the films only white antagonist known as Kylo Ren in a lightsaber battle. Some would say that it was one of the most horrific fight scenes on a Star Wars film to date, but not if you take a closer look as the fight itself has a hidden meaning. Analyzing the fight scene, Kylo toys with Rey and does not face as a real opponent. Taunting her, and showing his superior strength to push her to a weakened state but at the one point he offers her a chance to join him as an apprentice and teach her what she lacks as a Jedi. This can be seen as a moment of man beating down the thought of a woman taking on such a role. Demonstrating that a woman such as Rey is not meant to be so strong. That she is not meant to stand as a warrior, or as someone who can stand their ground and can easily fall prey to the words of a man who appears to be stronger and offers a way out a difficult situation. However, as Rey, struggles to hold off her opponent, she takes a moment to reflect on who she is, and why she is fighting. She then becomes focused and forges a stronger bond between herself and the force which allows her to become more powerful than Kylo could have ever become in such a short time. Rey, who has never fought with a lightsaber, never used the force in anyway, or faced an evil as strong as Kylo Ren emerges victorious. Making an impression on the young man, and the audience that this female character is not one to be taken so lightly, that women can take on such a role, and be just as good of a Jedi warrior worthy of wielding a lightsaber in battle. This scene alone can be indicated as one of the most iconic, visually pleasing, and outspoken of all time, with the simple message it carries through its actions and depiction. Just one more thing for the world to fall in love with, and that it did. Following the success of the film came the monstrous demand for the toys, and video game figures that the public would be open to collect and enjoy. The new line of Star Wars figures and video games included almost every single cast member and their costumes, all except one major piece. Rey herself, was not found to be included in any of the merchandise produced by toy distributor Hasbro, except for one. One that was part of a â€Å"Speeder Bundle†, a pre-sale toy bundle before the film was released. However, this one toy absolutely robs Rey of any gender as she is fully masked and clothed. One would not even notice it was a female character in the form of a toy. This of course drove a massive callout from fans and gender activists, both raising the question as to why? Why was this important female character being left out when so many were calling for her to appear? The answer came from an inside report from Hasbro that stated toymakers were specifically directed to exclude Rey from their products because â€Å"Star Wars toys were geared toward boys and boys don't like playing with female action figures. No boy wants to be given a product with a female character on it.† Which brought both Hasbro and Disney to come forward and made a thin excuse saying their intentions were â€Å"mistaken, as they did not wish to reveal or spoil anything for anyone who had not seen the movie.† It was also found that both Disney and Hasbro invested heavily in the white antagonist male character Kylo Ren as many executives expected his role to be the breakout role of the century. Returning old world views of woman not being able to have as strong of a hold in the entertainment industry as men and bringing forth the question of whether or not this trend would continue with the later series of episodes the Star Wars franchise planned to release in years to come. Although the answer may not be fully known, it is clear that creators and directors under with the Star Wars brand are working toward undoing the damage set forth by past films for their portrayal of women. With the latest installments of Star Wars: The Clone Wars Animated, Rogue One, and The Last Jedi – all featuring more independent and empowered female characters, the franchise is on the right path but still has a large road ahead till many see women equal to men.

Black History - Index of Inventors and Patent Holders

Black History - Index of Inventors and Patent Holders Black history inventors are listed alphabetically: use the A to Z index bar to navigate and select or just browse the many listings. Each listing has the name of the black inventor followed by the patent number(s) which is the unique number assigned to an invention when a patent is issued, the date the patent was issued, and a description of the invention as written by the inventor. If available, links are provided to in-depth articles, biographies, illustrations and photos on each individual inventor or patent. How to submit to the database. R Sammons to Scottron, Shaw to Smith, Smoot to Sweeting T Walter H Sammons #1,362,823, 12/21/1920, Comb Adolphus Samms #3,000,179, 9/19/1961, Rocket engine pump feed system#3,199,455, 8/10/1965, Multiple stage rocket#3,257,089, 6/21/1966, Emergency release for extraction chute#3,310,938, 3/28/1967, Rocket motor fuel feed George T Sampson #312,388, 2/17/1885, Sled propeller#476,416, 6/7/1892, Clothes drier Henry Thomas Sampson #3,140,210, 7/7/1964, Binder system for propellants and explosives#3,212,256, 10/19/1965, Case bonding system for cast composite propellants#3,591,860, 7/6/1971, Gamma-Electrical Cell, (co-inventor George H Miley, this patent is not for cell phone tecnology) Dewey S C Sanderson #3,522,011, 7/28/1970, Urinalysis machine Ralph W Sanderson #3,362,742, 1/9/1968, Hydraulic shock absorber Richard L Saxton #4,392,028, 7/5/1983, Pay telephone with sanitized tissue dispenser Virginia Scharschmidt #1,708,594, 4/9/1929, Safety window cleaning device Henry Scott #4,881,528, 11/21/1989, Spinal traction and support unit used while seated Howard L Scott #3,568,685, 3/9/1971, Treating human, animal and synthetic hair with a waterproofing composition J C Scott #D 212,334, 10/1/1968, Shadow box Linzy Scott #4,275,716, 6/30/1981, Knee brace Robert P Scott #524,223, 8/7/1894, Corn silker Samuel R Scottron #224,732, 2/17/1880, Adjustable window cornice#270,851, 1/16/1883, Cornice#349,525, 9/21/1886, Pole tip#481,720, 8/30/1892, Curtain rod#505,008, 9/12/1893, Supporting bracket R Sammons to Scottron, Shaw to Smith, Smoot to Sweeting T Â   Earl D Shaw #4,529,942, 7/16/1985, Free-electron amplifier device with electromagnetic radiation delay element Glenn Shaw #5,046,776, 9/10/1991, Fascia protector for fuel tank filler Jerry Shelby #5,328,132, 7/12/1994, Engine protection system for recoverable rocket booster Dennis W Shorter #363,089, 5/17/1887, Feed rack Wanda A Sigur #5,084,219, 1/28/1992, Method of fabricating composite structures Esteban Silvera #3,718,157, 5/27/1973, Ram-valve level indicator Joycelyn Simpson look under Joycelyn Harrison Stephen Chambers Skanks #587,165, 7/27/1897, Sleeping car berth register Isadore Small #3,814,948, 6/4/1974, Universal on-delay timer Brinay Smartt #799,498, 9/12/1905, Reversing-valve#935,169, 9/28/1909, Valve gear#1,052,290, 2/4/1913, Wheel Bernard Smith #4,544,535, 10/1/1985, Method or preparing nonlaminating anisotropic boron nitride John Winsor Smith #647,887, 4/17/1900, Game Jonathan S Smith #3,432,314, 3/11/1969, Transparent zirconia composition and process for making same Joseph H Smith #581,785, 5/4/1897, Lawn sprinkler#601,065, 3/22/1898, Lawn sprinkler Mildred E Smith #4,230,321, 10/28/1980, Family relationships card game Morris L Smith #3,389,108, 6/18/1968, Printing fluid comprising an aqueous solution of a water-soluble dye and a thermosetting vinylsulfonium polymer#4,882,221, 11/21/1989, Chemically treated paper products - towel and tissue#4,883,475, 11/28/1989, Chemically treated paper products - towel and tissue Peter D Smith #445,206, 1/27/1891, Potato digger#469,279, 2/23/1892, Grain binder Robert T Smith #1,970,984, 8/21/1934, Spraying machine Samuel C Smith #3,956,925, 5/18/1976, Hardness tester R Sammons to Scottron, Shaw to Smith, Smoot to Sweeting T Â   Lanny S Smoot #4,565,974, 1/21/1986, Optical receiver circuit with active equalizer#4,890,314, 12/26/1989, Teleconferencing facility with high resolution video display#4,928,301, 5/22/1990, Teleconferencing terminal with camera behind display screen William Snow #437,728, 10/7/1890, Liniment Harde Spears #110,599, 12/27/1870, Improvement in portable shields for infantry and artillery Richard Bowie Spikes #972,277, 10/11/1910, Self-locking rack for billiard cues#1,590,557, 6/29/1926, Combination milk bottle opener and cover#1,828,753, 10/27/1932, Method and apparatus for obtaining average samples and temperature of tank liquids#1,889,814, 12/6/1932, Automatic gear shift#1,936,996, 11/28/1933, Transmission and shifting means therefor#3,015,522, 1/2/1962, Automatic safety brake system Osbourne C Stafford #3,522,558, 8/4/1970, Microwave phase shift device Elbert Stallworth #1,687,521, 10/16/1928, Electric heater#1,727,842, 9/10/1929, Electric chamber#1,972,634, 9/4/1934, Alarm clock electric switch Arnold F Stancell #3,657,113, 4/18/1972, Separating fluids with selective membranes George B. D. Stephens #2,762,377, 9/11/1956, Cigarette holder and ash tray John Standard #413,689, 10/29/1889, Oil stove#455,891, 7/14/1891, Refrigerator Albert Clifton Stewart #3,255,044, 6/7/1966, Redox couple radiation cell#3,255,045, 6/7/1966, Electric cell Earl M Stewart #2,031,510, 2/18/1936, Arch and heel support (co-inventor Seymour Shagrin) Enos W Stewart #362,190, 11/27/1887, Punching machine#373,698, 5/3/1887, Machine for forming vehicle seat bars Marvin Charles Stewart #3,395,271, 7/30/1968, Arithmetic unit for digital computers#3,605,063, 9/14/1971, System for interconnecting electrical components Thomas Stewart #375,512, 12/27/1887, Metal bending machine#499,402, 6/13/1893, Mop#499,895, 6/20/1893, Station indicator Henry F Stilwell #1,911,248, 5/30/1933, Means for receiving mail and other matter on aeroplanes while in motion Rufus Stokes #3,378,241, 4/16/1968, Exhaust purifier#3,520,113, 7/14/1970, Air pollution control device Edward H Sutton #149,543, 4/7/1874, Improvement in cotton cultivators James A Sweeting #594,501, 11/30/1897, Device for rolling cigarettes#605,209, 6/7/1898, Combined knife and scoop Continue black history database T

Data Warehousing and data mining Research Paper

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The Feasibility of a Multinational Manufacturing Organization - Assignment Example The current information (if any) is not up-to-date and thus there is the need for such information to be updated on a regular as businesses operate in a dynamic environment which is influenced by factors which include changes in technology in the production of new products and production processes in addition to changes in customer tastes and preferences (Argyrous 2005). Further, when competitor products change, there is also the need to change. Change in economic conditions is also a very important aspect which calls for new methods of production and new products. Such information helps the organization in gaining a deeper understanding of consumer needs and preferences and thus reducing the risk of product failure. Also, such information assists the organization in coming up with future forecasts and trends which are beneficial (Saunders and Thornhill 2003). This market research study will employ the use of 1000 participants. The findings from the respondents will help the organization to develop strategies which will be based on factual data and which will assist in influencing decisions, justifying actions and providing deeper explanations on why certain decisions have been made. The market study will, thus, aim at putting together information and supporting data aimed at; Analyzing market segments which will again assist in the selection of target markets, identification of potential customers and those that plan to consume the proposed products and why they have been using them; Gaining a deeper understanding of the promotion methods used and which target and appeal the perceived market segment. The level of education is very important since the readership of the various print media if key as it will determine the level of promotion and the most appealing promotion methods; Analyzing marketing performance to assist in determining whether customer expectations in terms of service are being met and whether the quality and the aesthetic appeal of the products is realistic.

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Analysis Of The Reason Why Destinations Brand Themselves Marketing Essay

Analysis Of The Reason Why Destinations Brand Themselves Marketing Essay As travel and tourism is one of the biggest global industries, the competition all over the world is enormous (World Travel Tourism Council, 2007). Therefore one of the most important things for a destination and moreover a key task for destination marketers, mainly due to the already mentioned global competition, is the process of branding a certain destination. The marketers have to be aware that there are many other destinations that try to attract the potential tourists and visitors as well. Consequently branding is essential and very important for a destination to show what it has to offer through the use of words and symbols for instance. A brand can have many different forms. It can for example be a logo, a symbol, a trademark or a name. Furthermore branding is not a new idea, even when, according to Gilmore (2001; as cited in Morgan et al. 2002: 57), many people tend to think of it as something new. But it is not a new phenomenon; branding already exists for years. Gilmore argues that many of the brands we use today have been in existence for over 100 years (Morgan et al., 2002: 57). This statement shows that branding products, which are in the case of this essay destinations, has been existing for a very long time and still has a huge significance all over the world. The aim of this essay is to critically assess the reason why destinations brand themselves. In addition it contains general information about branding like definitions, what branding is about and why rebranding in particular cases is necessary. The outcome is a conclusion and recommendations for branding destinations in the future. Before explaining the necessity of branding it is important to have a look at several definitions of this term due to many different ones existing. Kolb (2006: 229) for example defines branding as the use of words and symbol to represent the image of a product and the benefits it offers to consumers. Furthermore he adds that branding is about the promotion of the unique benefits that tourists will experience during their visit (Kolb, 2006: 18). According to The American Marketing Association (as cited in Tasci and Kozak, 2006: 300) a brand is defined as a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of these, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. This definition adds the differentiation from other products and it goes along with Milligan (1995; as cited in Tasci and Kozak, 2006) who expresses the importance of differentiating one brand from others as well. He argues that a brand is wha t differentiates you and makes you special. Besides along with Morgan et al. (2002: 11) branding is perhaps the most powerful marketing weapon available to contemporary destination marketers confronted by increasing product parity, substitutability and competition. But is the branding process of products the same as for destinations? Or is there a difference between branding normal products and destinations? According to Caldwell and Freire (2004: 50) many academics (e.g. Cai, 2002; Kotler and Gertner, 2002; Olins 2002) argue that places can be branded in much the same way as consumer goods and services. And also along with Pike (2005; as cited in Balakrishnan 2009: 613) destination brands are also similar to product and services. They have both tangible and intangible components, are mostly service dependent, and can be positioned through the use of slogans. But besides these arguments there are also some academics that see a difference between the branding process of normal products and destinations. According to Karavatsis and Ashworth (2005; as cited in Hankinson 2009: 98) the branding of places as destinations requires more complex managerial activities than product brands. Furthermore along with Hankinson (2001; as cited in Murphy et al., 2007) creating brands as defined and discussed in the traditional marketing literature is a more difficult and complex process when considering d estinations and locations. These findings of different academics show that some consider the branding process of destinations as more challenging than branding products in general. Therefore the author of this essay thinks that it is necessary to define destination branding separate to the branding process of normal products in general. Along with Cai (2002; as cited in Murphy et al., 2007: 5) a destination brand is defined as perceptions about a place as reflected by the associations held in tourist memory. Furthermore Morrison and Anderson (2002: 16) describe destination branding as a process used to develop a unique identity and personality that is different from all competitive destinations. According to many academics (e.g. Eby, Molnar and Cai 1999; Gartner 1989; as cited in Hem and Iversen, 2004: 85) unlike other tangible products, tourists are not able to test drive and try the destinations before making a choice. When deciding to go on holiday you pay for something that you will not receive at once. Furthermore Hem and Iversen (2004: 85) argue that the decision involves greater risk and extensive information search, and depends on tourists mental construct of what a potential destination has to offer relative to their needs. A very important question when branding destinations is how long the brand can be used? According to Kotler (1997; as cited in Tasci and Kozak, 2006: 300) the seller or maker of a brand [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] is entitled to exclusive rights to use the brand without any expiration dates, which distinguishes it from patents and copyrights. Therefore destination marketers are able to use a brand endlessly. This is a great advantage because when a well-working brand is created it can be used as long as the marketers wish to. There are many destinations that do it this way but there are also some who change their brand from time to time. This change of the brand has to be done when a brand does not attract enough people to visit a certain destination. But more significant than having a look at what branding is, is to clarify why is it necessary for destinations to brand themselves? It is important that a brand shows real benefits in order to be effective (Kolb, 2006). These benefits include that the brand is understood easily, memorable, and it has to be designed in a way that it can be used on every form of communication (Kolb, 2006: 222). Furthermore Kolb (2006: 222) argues that it is very important that the potential tourist understands the brand symbol and message easily because if they are confused by the words and image communicated, the branding may be noticed but will not attract them. Therefore it is necessary to know the target group before creating a brand because if the consumer does not understand the message of the brand he or she will not be interested in it and furthermore not be attracted by the destination. According to Kolb (2006: 229) branding provides a shorthand message that will hopefully be heard by the potential tourists and visitors over all the other destinations. That means that the brand of one destination needs to be created very well and moreover it has to be more attractive than other brands. Besides this Gilmore (2001) argues that branding seeks to convey messages to the user or potential user of a product or service. These messages need to be simple and consistent, since we are all bombarded with messages from hundreds of products every day (as cited in Morgan et al., 2002: 58). Kolb and Gilmore both argue that it is important to create brands that are easily understood by the potential tourists or visitors of a destination. The author of this essay fully agrees to both of them because if a brand is not understood by first glance or is not attractive enough that the consumer has a deeper look at it to understand what it is about, than all the effort to create the brand w as not really worth it. When a brand is created it is necessary that the destination marketers use it to communicate it to the potential tourists and visitors. According to Kolb (2006: 229) the brand should appear on all forms of communication like letters, flyers, the websites, brochures as well as T-shirts. Besides those facts concerning the design of a brand, it is according to Kolb (2006: 221) important that tourism marketers choose an identity that authentically and genuinely reflects what the city has to offer. The different forms of communication and the well-chosen reflection of the offers show only some of the challenging points branding has to deal with in the various steps the brand has to pass through during the process of creating it. According to Kolb (2006: 229) developing a brand takes time, effort, and creativity. Besides these mentioned facts branding is also very expensive due to many different things that have to be considered. One of the first steps is that the brand needs to be created. When this stage is taken, the next one is to communicate the brand by using it for all the representing articles like letters or brochures. One rather risky point is that these articles have to be printed before the destination marketers even know if the brand will be understood by the potential tourists or visitors or not. But why is it still so important that destinations brand themselves when there are all these aspects which are at first sight rather negative? Kolb (2006) argues that branding can develop repeat visits due to familiarity with the brand. In the best case branding remembers the tourists of all the benefits the destination has to offer and therefore may create brand loyalty (Kolb, 2006: 229). The loyalty towards a brand can most easily be achieved through the constant use after the successful creation of a brand. When the potential tourists or visitors understand the brand and are attracted by it they may visit the destination. If they like it and the well-working brand remains they possibly visit the destination again which means that brand loyalty is created. One very well working example is the case of New York City with its brand I love NY. The potential creation of loyalty towards a brand leads to the idea of building a relationship with a brand and therefore with the corresponding destination. This is suggested by Kotler (1997; as cited in Tasci and Kozak, 2006: 300) who mentions the evoke of emotions. Furthermore this idea arises as well according to Morgan et al. (2002) who argue that the potential tourists and visitors need to get a relationship with the destinations visited. They reason that it is not a question of price but a question of emotions what makes the tourists visit or revisit a certain destination. The author of this essay not fully agrees to this statement. The point with the relationship may be true as well as important but nevertheless nowadays, after the financial crisis, the people have less money to spend and therefore the price is an important point when choosing holidays. However, the idea of having a relationship with products is nothing new, it is already suggested by several other academics (e.g. Urdde, 1993; Sheth, Mittal and Newman, 1999; as stated in Morgan et al., 2002). Along with Kolb (2006: 18) it is necessary that a brand gets into the consumers mind. Without this step it would not even be possible to build a relationship with a brand. This goes along with Lury (1998: 4) who argues that it is our perceptions our beliefs and our feelings about a brand that are most important. However, according to Hallberg (1995) mere emotion is not enough, the key is to develop a strong brand which holds some unique associations for the consumer but emotion has always been an important component of branding (as cited in Morgan et al., 2002: 12). According to Weinreich (1999; as stated in Morgan et al.,2002: 25) in the case of destination branding the destination managers should not think in terms of the traditional brand life cycle, brand managers should be thinking of the S-curve which charts a brands life and development through birth, growth, maturity, decay and death (see Figure 1). The S-curve symbolises a series of stages in the brands relationship with its consumers, revealing useful insights into a brands communication requirements (Weinreich, 1999; as stated in Morgan et al.,2002: 26). The first stage in the S-curve diagram, the fashionable stage, shows the stage when the destination is new and exclusive and therefore yet small due to the lack of advertising activities (Weinreich, 1999; as stated in Morgan et al.,2002: 26). Within the next and so-called famous phase, a destinations brands consumers are loyal and affluent but at any time the destinations brand values may become irrelevant to them hence the on-going need for them to remain fresh and appealing. According to Weinreich (1999; as stated in Morgan et al.,2002: 27) the destination needs to remain contemporary but if it fails, it will drift into the familiar zone where everyone knows about the destination, but it hast lost its appeal. The following stage is the familiar phase wherein it is not easy anymore to attract lucerative market segments. This stage is followed by the fatigued phase in which the question of a potential refreshment needs to be asked. Figure 1 Source: Morgan et al., 2002: 25 According to Gilmore (2001) it is essential that a destination is unique. Furthermore Gilmore argues that this uniqueness has two different sources: first, the culture of the destination itself, which is normally unique or a unique combination of cultures, and, second, from the combination of other benefits convenient yet unspoilt, lively city with peaceful countryside, historic monuments and great food (as cited in Morgan et al 2002: 60). When a destination does for example not have great cultural aspects to offer, food can be a very important benefit for a destination. Along with Hall (2004: xiii) [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] food is a significant part of tourism. Furthermore Hall (2004) argues (as cited in Hall et al., 2003) that food has come to be recognized as part of the local culture which tourists consume, as an element of regional tourism promotion [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]. This statement leads to the possibility that a destination may include its traditional food into the brand which is a very effective way of using a benefit if others like for example the countryside are not really effective. According to Mitchell and Hall (2003; as cited in Gyimà ³thy and Mykletun, 2009: 260) the growing interest in culinary products and traditions implies that food is also becoming a more important factor in influencing tourists motivations for traveling to a particular destination. Furthermore they argue that it is necessary to market the culinary products to the various consumers. To use traditional products like food is how a destination may rebrand itself successfully if for example another brand did not work very well to attract tourists. But there are also other reasons why destinations may have to rebrand themselves. Additional reasons are disasters, natural as well as manmade ones and political issues. In this case rebranding is very important because the destinations need to regain the visitors trust again. A destination or even a whole country may have certain image problems due to for example a crisis or a war. Therefore it is very important for destination marketers to create a new brand that convinces the potential tourists or visitors of the good sides the destination has to offer, even when the image is perceived differently. As could be seen to brand a destination is different than to brand any kind of product. As many academics (e.g. Kolb, 2006; Milligan, 1995; Tasci and Kozak, 2006) argue it is necessary to create successful brands for destinations in order to be competitive in the huge existing global market. A successful brand that is understood by the potential tourists or visitors may create loyalty towards a brand. However, before brand loyalty can be created it is essential to produce a well-working brand that is understood simply. In many cases this is not really easy and it always depends on what a certain destination has to offer to the consumers. If a destination does not have any outstanding offers like for example a unique combination of cultures or a special countryside it is also possible to use for instance the local food to attract potential tourists or visitors and to use it for the brand (Gilmore, 2001). But according to many academics (e.g. Kolb, 2006; Morgan et al. 2002) the most important thing is that a relationship with a certain destination has to be achieved. Otherwise the potential tourists or visitors would not visit or revisit the destination and brand loyalty would not be created at all (Kolb, 2006). To build a relationship towards a brand expects that the message of a brand needs to be understood. Therefore another important point when creating a brand is the message that shall be communicated to the consumers. It should be understood by the potential tourists or visitors, which are a specific target group, to attract them; otherwise they will rather not be interested in the destination (Kolb, 2006). But not only the creation of the message itself is a challenging point within the developing process of a brand. Furthermore, the brand has to pass through different stages, which is shown in a diagram called the S-Curve. These various phases in a brands life all have their o wn challenging points and the destination marketers have to be aware of those already in the developing process of a brand (Weinreich, 1999). Although within the developing process of a brand those challenging steps occur, it is inevitable for destinations to brand themselves. Only through branding the potential tourists or visitors can build a relationship with the destination. And therefore the destination can be attractive as well as competitive. In the future it will be important for destination marketers to stick to their well-working brands if they have already created one or change their brands if it is necessary to rebrand the destination. Otherwise it would not be possible at all to compete against the huge amount of existing offers all over the world. As the most important point is the creation of a relationship it is therefore necessary that the brands created help to build a relationship between the destinations and the potential tourists or visitors. Only through the connection between a destination and the consumers a destination can be competitive and the message will be heard over all the other messages. Bu t without a brand it would not even be possible to attract anybody.